Efecto del consumo de alimentos con elevado contenido lipídico sobre el perfil lipídico de ratones sanos / Effect of the consumption of foods with high lipid content on lipid profile of healthy mice

La alteración de los lípidos en sangre o dislipidemias sobre todo el colesterol y triglicéridos, son un factor de riesgo de ateroesclerosis y enfermedades cardiovasculares. En este trabajo se analizó el efecto del consumo de huevo, clara, yema de huevo, mantequilla y maní sobre el perfil lipídico de ratones sanos. Se utilizaron seis grupos de ratones hembras sanas, el grupo control (GC) recibió balanceado comercial, mientras que en los demás grupos, 15% de su alimentación diaria consistió en huevo entero (GHE), yema (GY), clara de huevo (GCH), manteca o mantequilla (GMT) o maní (GMN), durante 28 días. Al final de este periodo, se obtuvo la muestra de suero para la determinación de los niveles de colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (TG), colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL y colesterol VLDL, y se calcularon los índices de riesgo aterogénico y de riesgo cardiaco. Se observó un aumento estadísticamente significativo en los niveles de CT y LDL en relación al GC en los grupos GHE (p<0,0001), GY (p<0,0001), GCH (p<0,005) y GMT (p<0,001), mientras que en niveles de TG presentan un aumento los grupos GHE (p<0,0001) y GY (p<0,0001). El nivel de HDL aumentó significativamente en los grupos GHE (p<0,005) y GMT (p<0,001), y en cuanto al índice de riesgo cardiaco y aterogénico el grupo GY fue el único que reveló aumento significativo (p<0,0001). En el grupo que recibió maní (GMN), no se alteraron los niveles de lípidos, y por lo tanto tampoco el riesgo cardiaco ni aterogénico, lo que se traduce en un menor riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares de este grupo(AU)

The alteration of blood lipids or dyslipidemias, especially cholesterol and triglycerides, are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this work, the effect of consumption of egg, egg white, egg yolk, butter and peanut on the lipid profile of healthy mice was analyzed. Six groups of healthy female mice were used, the control group (GC) received commercial pellets, while for the other groups, 15% of their daily food consisted of whole egg (GHE), egg yolk (GY), egg white (GCH) ), butter (GMT) or peanut (GMN), for 28 days. At the end of this period, a serum sample was obtained for the determination of the levels of total cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol, and cardiac and atherogenic risk index were calculated. A statistically significant increase in TC and LDL levels was observed in relation to GC in the GHE (p <0,0001), GY (p <0,0001), GCH (p <0,005) and GMT (p <0,001) groups; whereas TG levels showed an increase in the GHE (p <0,0001) and GY (p <0,0001) groups. The HDL level increased significantly in the groups GHE (p <0,005) and GMT (p <0,001), and in terms of the cardiac and atherogenic risk index, the GY group was the only group that revealed a significant increase (p <0,0001). In the group that received peanuts (GMN), the lipid levels were not altered, and therefore neither the cardiac nor the atherogenic risk, which indicates the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this group, were affected(AU)

Influencia del consumo de pulpa de aguacate,Persea americana, sobre el metabolismo lipídico en ratones normolipémicos e hiperlipémicos inducidos por dieta / Influence of avocado (persea americana) pulp consumption on lipid metabolism in normolipidemic and diet induced hyperlipidemic mice

La dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, una de las principales causas de muertes a nivel mundial. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto del aguacate (Persea americana) sobre el metabolismo lipídico de ratones normo e hiperlipémicos inducidos con dieta hiperlipídica. Ratones machos, fueron distribuidos en 4 grupos DE (dieta estándar), DEa (dieta estándar y aguacate); DH (dieta hiperlipídica) y DHa (dieta hiperlipídica y aguacate) y observados por 28 días. Luego de este periodo se determinaron los niveles de Colesterol Total, Triglicéridos y col-HDL y se calcularon los valores de col-LDL, VLDL e índices de riesgo aterogénico y de riesgo coronario. El grupo DH mostró niveles de CT, TG, col-LDLy VLDL significativamente superiores (p<0,001) a los valores alcanzados en el grupo DE. En los grupos DHa y DEa se redujeron significativamente (p<0,001) las concentraciones de CT, TG, col-LDL y VLDL, en comparación al grupo DH. Los grupos DEa y DHa difieren significativamente (p<0,005) en el nivel de CT, éste último presenta valores más bajos, los otros parámetros cuantificados no mostraron diferencias significativas. No hubo diferencias significativas para los valores del col-HDL en ningún grupo de estudio. La inducción a la hiperlipemia con un modelo de dieta hiperlipídica, generó incrementos importantes en el CT, TG, col-LDL y VLDL, además de aumentar el riesgo aterogénico. El consumo de la pulpa de aguacate redujo los niveles de CT, TG, col-LDL, VLDL y el índice de riesgo aterogénico en el grupo de ratones hiperlipémicos(AU)

Influence of avocado (Persea americana) pulp consumption on lipid metabolism in normolipidemic and diet induced hyperlipidemic mice . Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, a major cause of deaths worldwide. The aim of this work is to study the effect of avocado (Persea americana), on lipid metabolism on normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic mice induced with high fat diet. Four groups of animals receiving standard diet (DE), standard and avocado diet (DEa), high fat diet (DH) and high fat and avocado diet (DHA) were used. All animals were observed for a period of 28 days. Blood sample was obtained at the end of experimentation period by cardiac puncture on anesthetized animals, and the levels of Cholesterol, triglycerides and col-HDL were de- termined and c-LDL, VLDL and atherogenic and coronary risk factors were calculated. DH group showed levels of TC, TG, c-LDL and VLDL significantly higher (p<0,001) than the values achieved in DHa group. DHa and DEa plasmatic values of TC, TG, c-LDL and VLDL were significantly reduced (p <0.001) compared to DH group. DEa and DHA groups differed significantly (p <0.005) in the level of CT, the latter has lower values, the other quantified parameters showed no significant differences. There were no significant differences for c-HDL values in any group. Hyperlipidemia induction with a model of high fat diet produced significantly increasing values of TC, TG, c-LDL and VLDL, besides of increasing the atherogenic risk. The benefit of avocado pulp consists in reduction of TC, TG, c-LDL, VLDL and the index of atherogenic risk(AU)

Ethnic differences in tissue creatine kinase activity: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are reported to be around 70% higher in healthy black people, as compared to white people (median value 88 IU/L in white vs 149 IU/L in black people). As serum CK in healthy people is thought to occur from a proportional leak from normal tissues, we hypothesized that the black population subgroup has a generalized higher CK activity in tissues. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We compared CK activity spectrophotometrically in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands including cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, renal artery, and skeletal muscle, obtained post-mortem in black and white men. Based on serum values, we conservatively estimated to find a 50% greater CK activity in black people compared with white people, and calculated a need for 10 subjects of one gender in each group to detect this difference. We used mixed linear regression models to assess the possible influence of ethnicity on CK activity in different tissues, with ethnicity as a fixed categorical subject factor, and CK of different tissues clustered within one person as the repeated effect response variable. We collected post-mortem tissue samples from 17 white and 10 black males, mean age 62 y (SE 4). Mean tissue CK activity was 76% higher in tissues from black people (estimated marginal means 107.2 [95% CI, 76.7 to 137.7] mU/mg protein in white, versus 188.6 [148.8 to 228.4] in black people, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: We found evidence that black people have higher CK activity in all tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands studied. This finding may help explain the higher serum CK levels found in this population subgroup. Furthermore, our data imply that there are differences in CK-dependent ATP buffer capacity in tissue between the black and the white population subgroup, which may become apparent with high energy demands.